Colleges had higher autonomy from the central administration in phrases of utilizing their budgets and organizing actions. However, this didn’t scale back the high ratio of support employees (60%) to academic workers (40%). The MoE ordered curriculum reforms however over-rode proposals from teachers so all universities had the identical mission and teachers thought that they had no right to make curriculum revisions. Universities couldn’t initiate new applications with out MoE permission but the MoE might choose a college and order a brand new program without correct curriculum improvement or adequate services and gear. Consequently, curriculum reforms to graduate applications grew…